Pediatricians are sounding the alarm over the resurgence of measles, an extremely contagious disease. In an article published in Pediatrics, they emphasize the crucial importance of the MMR vaccine in preventing this infection. Complications can be severe, especially in young children.
In 2024, 40% of measles cases in the United States required hospitalization. Children under 5 years old are particularly vulnerable, accounting for more than half of the hospitalizations. The disease can lead to serious complications such as pneumonia or encephalitis.
The measles virus is transmitted through respiratory droplets and can remain suspended in the air for up to two hours. An infected person can contaminate up to 90% of unvaccinated individuals in their vicinity. Vaccination remains the best protection against this spread.
Neurological complications, although rare, are particularly feared. Encephalitis affects about one in a thousand cases, with possible long-term effects. Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, a fatal complication, occurs in one in 100,000 cases, especially in infants.
The authors of the article in Pediatrics stress the safety and effectiveness of the MMR vaccine. They urge parents to consult a doctor immediately in case of exposure or symptoms, without attempting self-medication.
Mortality related to measles is estimated at one to three deaths per thousand infections in the United States. Children under 5 years old face an increased risk. Widespread vaccination remains key to preventing these tragedies.
In light of this resurgence, pediatricians are reminding the urgency of checking children's vaccination status. The MMR vaccine, administered in two doses, provides optimal protection against this disease with potentially devastating consequences.
How does the MMR vaccine work?
The MMR vaccine protects against measles, mumps, and rubella by stimulating the immune system. It contains live attenuated viruses that cannot cause the disease.
After vaccination, the body produces specific antibodies against these three viruses. In the event of future exposure, these antibodies quickly neutralize the pathogens before they can cause infection.
The vaccine's effectiveness is very high: two doses provide approximately 97% protection against measles. This immunity generally lasts a lifetime.
Side effects are usually mild (slight fever, temporary rash). The benefits of the vaccine far outweigh its risks, as confirmed by decades of large-scale use.